When Maersk’s group revenue shrank from $60bn to $35bn between 2011 and 2016, the board of directors called for an urgent strategic review. That led to the decision to break up the Danish shipping and energy conglomerate, with  Søren Skou appointed chief executive of AP Moller-Maersk and charged with creating an integrated container transport logistics company. Three years on, $17bn worth of transactions have been completed as Mr Skou aims to restore shareholder value

Shipping leaders understand that digitalisation is important, but obstacles still stand in the way of full-scale roll-outs